安全与欺诈术语综合词汇表
了解网络安全、欺诈防护及相关领域常用的全部术语。
3-D Secure (3DS)
3-D Secure (3DS) is an authentication protocol designed to enhance the security of online credit and debit card transactions. Developed by Visa, and n...
419 Fraud
419 Fraud, also known as advance-fee fraud or Nigerian Prince scam, is a type of financial scam where the victim is promised a large sum of money in r...
6AMLD (6th Anti Money Laundering Directive)
The 6th Anti Money Laundering Directive (6AMLD) is a regulatory framework established by the European Union to strengthen its fight against money laun...
Absconder Fraud
Absconder fraud refers to a specific type of fraudulent activity where an individual deliberately evades legal obligations, typically by disappearing...
Accidental Friendly Fraud
Accidental Friendly Fraud refers to a type of chargeback or payment dispute that occurs unintentionally, often as a result of consumer confusion rathe...
Account Farming
Account Farming is a practice where individuals or automated bots create and maintain numerous online accounts with the intent of exploiting them for...
Account Garnishment
Overview Account Garnishment, also known as Email Bombing, is a deceptive tactic fraudsters use as a smokescreen for a more sinister attack. It involv...
Account Gestation
Overview Account gestation, also known as an "e;incubation period,"e; is a deceptive tactic used by fraudsters to circumvent common security c...
Account Takeover
Account takeover (ATO) is a form of identity theft wherein a malicious actor gains unauthorized access to a victim's online account. This type of frau...
Acquirer (Acquiring Bank)
The term "Acquirer" or "Acquiring Bank" refers to a financial institution that processes credit and debit card transactions on behalf of a merchant. I...
Active Authentication
Active Authentication is a security approach that integrates continuous user verification with traditional authentication methods, creating a more dyn...
Ad Fraud
Overview Ad Fraud refers to the deliberate and illegal practice of generating fraudulent online advertising revenue. Criminals employ various schemes...
Address Verification Service (AVS)
The Address Verification Service (AVS) is a fraud prevention tool used by credit card processors to verify the billing address provided by a customer...
Affiliate Fraud
Overview Affiliate fraud is a deceptive practice aimed at exploiting affiliate marketing programs to generate illegitimate commissions. In these schem...
Age Verification
Age Verification is a process used by businesses and online platforms to ensure that users meet the minimum legal age requirements for accessing certa...
Anti-Money Laundering International Database (AMLID)
The Anti-Money Laundering International Database (AMLID) is a crucial resource in the fight against money laundering and related financial crimes. Adm...
App-Install Farm
Overview An app-install farm is a coordinated operation designed to commit mobile ad fraud by generating a high volume of fake application installatio...
Application Fraud
Application fraud is a type of financial crime where individuals or entities provide false, misleading, or stolen information on applications to gain...
Arbitrage (Arbs/Arber)
Arbitrage, often referred to in the financial and commerce sectors as "Arbs" or "Arber," is the practice of exploiting price differences of the same a...
Astroturfing
Overview Astroturfing is the malicious practice of manufacturing a false sense of grassroots support or opposition for a product, brand, or idea. Unli...
ATO Fraud (Account Takeover)
Overview Account Takeover (ATO) fraud is a prevalent and damaging form of identity theft where a malicious actor illegally seizes control of a legitim...
Auction Fraud
Auction Fraud is a form of online fraud that occurs when perpetrators exploit auction platforms to deceive buyers or sellers, resulting in financial l...
Authorized Push Payment (APP) Fraud
Authorized Push Payment (APP) Fraud is a type of scam in which individuals are tricked into authorizing payments to fraudsters. Unlike traditional una...
Bank Drop
A Bank Drop is a term commonly associated with fraudulent schemes involving the creation and use of a bank account to launder money or receive illicit...
Behavioral Analysis
Behavioral Analysis in the context of cybersecurity refers to the technique of monitoring and understanding user behavior patterns to detect anomalies...
BIN Attack
A BIN Attack is a type of fraud where cybercriminals exploit Bank Identification Numbers (BINs) to carry out unauthorized transactions using stolen cr...
Biometric Authentication
Biometric Authentication is a security process that verifies an individual's identity using unique biological characteristics. These characteristics,...
Biometric Verification
Biometric Verification is a process that confirms an individual's identity by comparing their unique biological traits to previously recorded data. Un...
Blackbox Machine Learning
Blackbox Machine Learning refers to machine learning models whose internal workings are not easily interpretable or transparent to users. Often charac...
Blended Threat
A Blended Threat is a sophisticated type of cyber threat that combines multiple attack vectors and methods to exploit vulnerabilities in a network or...
Botnet
A botnet, short for "robot network," is a collection of internet-connected devices infected by malware, allowing cybercriminals to control them remote...
Browser Hash
A Browser Hash is a unique identifier generated from the properties and configurations of a web browser, often used in the context of online tracking...
Brushing Scam
Overview A brushing scam is a fraudulent technique used by some e-commerce sellers to artificially inflate their sales numbers and post fake positive...
Burner Phone
A burner phone is a mobile phone designed for temporary use, often purchased with prepaid minutes and requiring no long-term contracts or personal ide...
Business Email Compromise (BEC)
Business Email Compromise (BEC) is a form of cybercrime that involves the use of deceptive tactics to gain access to a business email account with the...
Business Verification Services
Business Verification Services are essential tools used by companies to authenticate the identity and legitimacy of other businesses with whom they en...
Bust-Out Fraud
Overview Bust-out fraud is a calculated, long-term scam where a fraudster, or a group of fraudsters, builds a seemingly legitimate credit history with...
Canvas Fingerprinting
Canvas Fingerprinting is a technique used for tracking users online by exploiting the HTML5 canvas element in web browsers. Unlike traditional trackin...
Card Cloning
Card Cloning, often referred to as "skimming," is a type of financial fraud that involves duplicating the information on a credit or debit card's magn...
Card Cracking
Card Cracking is a fraudulent activity in which cybercriminals use a combination of deceptive techniques and automated tools to guess or generate vali...
Card Not Present Fraud
Card Not Present (CNP) fraud is a type of payment fraud that occurs when a transaction is made without the physical presence of a credit or debit card...
Card Purchase Authorization
Card Purchase Authorization is a crucial process in the payment transaction lifecycle that verifies the availability of funds and approves the transac...
Card Testing
Card Testing, also known as "credit card testing," is a fraudulent activity in which cybercriminals use a set of credit or debit card numbers to deter...
Card Tumbling
Overview Card tumbling, also known as card testing or card cracking, is a fraudulent technique where criminals test the validity of a large batch of s...
Card-on-File Fraud
Overview Card-on-File (CoF) transactions, where customers allow merchants to store their payment details for future use, are a cornerstone of modern e...
Carding
Carding is an illegal activity that involves obtaining and using stolen credit or debit card information to make unauthorized purchases or transaction...
Certificate Fraud
Certificate Fraud involves the creation or manipulation of certificates to deceive individuals or systems. These certificates can range from digital s...
Chargeback Alert Network
Overview A Chargeback Alert Network is a critical tool for e-commerce merchants, serving as an early warning system for impending chargebacks. When a...
Chargeback Laundering
Overview Chargeback Laundering, also known as refund laundering, is a deceptive form of financial fraud that exploits refund and chargeback mechanisms...
Chargeback Rate
The Chargeback Rate is a metric used by financial institutions and merchants to measure the frequency of chargebacks in relation to the total number o...
Chargeback Reason Codes
Overview Chargeback reason codes are the language of payment disputes. When a customer disputes a transaction, their bank initiates a chargeback and a...
Chargeback Recovery
Chargeback Recovery refers to the process merchants engage in to dispute and reverse chargebacks that are issued by banks or credit card companies on...
Chargeback Representment
Overview Chargeback Representment is the process by which a merchant challenges a customer-initiated chargeback. When a cardholder disputes a transact...
Chargebacks
Chargebacks are a consumer protection mechanism that allows cardholders to dispute transactions on their credit or debit cards and request a reversal...
Chip Dumping
Chip Dumping is a fraudulent tactic often associated with poker games, especially in online environments. This scheme involves collusion between playe...
Clean Fraud
Clean Fraud is a sophisticated type of credit card fraud where the perpetrator uses legitimate card details and circumvents traditional fraud detectio...
Clickjacking
Overview Clickjacking, also known as a "e;UI redress attack,"e; is a malicious technique where an attacker uses transparent or opaque layers t...
CNAM (Caller ID Name)
CNAM, or Caller ID Name, is a telecommunication feature that displays the calling party's name alongside their phone number when a call is received. T...
Collusion Fraud
Overview Collusion fraud is a sophisticated scheme where two or more individuals or entities conspire to exploit a system for illicit gain. Unlike opp...
Compliance as a Service (CaaS)
Compliance as a Service (CaaS) is a cloud-based model designed to help businesses adhere to industry regulations, legal standards, and internal polici...
Cookie Hash
A Cookie Hash is a cryptographic representation of data contained within a web cookie, often used to enhance security and verify the integrity of the...
Cookie Stuffing
Cookie Stuffing is a type of online fraud where a user is unwittingly loaded with third-party cookies, often without their consent or knowledge, in an...
Credential Cracking
Overview Credential cracking is a type of brute-force attack where cybercriminals attempt to gain unauthorized access to user accounts by systematical...
Credential Stuffing
Overview Credential stuffing is a prevalent type of cyberattack where malicious actors take lists of stolen usernames and passwords—often sourced from...
Credit Card Decline Codes
Credit Card Decline Codes are numerical or alphanumeric codes that indicate the reason a credit card transaction has failed to process. When a transac...
Cross Site Scripting
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of security vulnerability found in web applications, where an attacker injects malicious scripts into web pages v...
Cross-Browser Fingerprinting
Cross-Browser Fingerprinting is an advanced tracking technique designed to identify and monitor users across different web browsers on the same device...
Cross-Channel Fraud
Cross-channel fraud is a sophisticated type of financial crime where fraudsters exploit multiple channels—such as online banking, mobile apps, and in-...
Cryptojacking
Cryptojacking is a form of cybercrime that involves the unauthorized use of an individual's or organization's computing resources to mine cryptocurren...
Customer Identification Program (CIP)
A Customer Identification Program (CIP) is a critical component of the broader set of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations implemented by financial...
Customer Identity and Access Management
Customer Identity and Access Management (CIAM) is a specialized discipline within identity and access management that focuses on managing and securing...
Cyberfraud
Cyberfraud represents a range of fraudulent activities carried out via digital technologies, most notably through the internet. It involves deception...
Dark Web
The dark web is a small part of the deep web that has been intentionally hidden and is inaccessible through standard web browsers. Accessible only usi...
Data Sovereignty
Data Sovereignty is a principle stating that digital information is subject to the laws and governance structures within the nation in which it is col...
Datacenter Proxy
A Datacenter Proxy is a type of proxy server that routes internet requests through a data center rather than an individual's internet connection. Unli...
Deepfake
Deepfake technology refers to the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to create realistic digital forgeries, often involving human fac...
Defaulting Customers
Defaulting Customers are individuals or businesses that fail to meet their debt obligations or payment terms as agreed upon with a lender or service p...
Device Fingerprinting
Overview Device fingerprinting is a powerful technique used by advanced fraud detection systems to identify and track users by collecting specific att...
Device Hash
A Device Hash is a unique identifier created by analyzing a combination of a device's attributes and configurations. Unlike cookies, which can be easi...
Disposable Email
A Disposable Email is a temporary email address that serves as an alternative to a user's permanent email account. These addresses are designed to exp...
Domain Spoofing
Overview Domain spoofing is a deceptive technique where a malicious actor creates a fraudulent website or email domain that closely resembles a legiti...
Double Dipping
Double Dipping is a term used in various contexts, often as a form of fraud involving the exploitation of a single resource or entitlement in multiple...
Doxxing
Doxxing is a malicious practice involving the public release of an individual's private or sensitive information without their consent, often with the...
Drop Address
A Drop Address is a location used by individuals engaged in fraudulent activities or illicit trades to receive goods purchased with stolen or counterf...
Empty Box Fraud
Overview Empty Box Fraud is a brazen form of return fraud that directly targets e-commerce merchants. In this scheme, a customer initiates a return fo...
Emulator
An Emulator is a software or hardware system that replicates the functionality and behavior of one environment within another. Emulators are designed...
Enhanced Due Diligence
Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD) is a comprehensive and rigorous approach to assessing and managing the risk associated with high-risk customers or transa...
Enumeration Attack
Overview An Enumeration Attack, also known as a card testing or card cracking attack, is a brute-force technique used by fraudsters to identify valid...
Evercookie
An Evercookie is a type of persistent web cookie that is extraordinarily difficult to delete. Created as a proof-of-concept by programmer Samy Kamkar,...
False Declines
False declines, also known as false positives, occur when legitimate transactions are mistakenly rejected by fraud prevention systems. This issue is a...
False Negatives
In the realm of cybersecurity and fraud detection, a false negative occurs when a system fails to identify and flag a fraudulent or malicious transact...
False Positives
In the context of cybersecurity and fraud detection, a false positive occurs when a security system erroneously identifies legitimate activity as susp...
First Party Fraud
First Party Fraud is a unique type of fraud where the fraudulent activity is conducted by the customer themselves rather than an external threat actor...
Flagging
Flagging, in the context of cybersecurity and digital communications, refers to the practice of marking or identifying content, actions, or users that...
Forced Action Fraud
Overview Forced Action Fraud, also known as social engineering scams, represents a sophisticated threat where legitimate users are manipulated into ex...
Fraud as a Service
Fraud as a Service (FaaS) is an alarming trend in the cybercrime landscape where illicit services and tools are sold to enable various forms of fraud....
Fraud Ring
A fraud ring is an organized group of individuals or entities that collaborates to execute fraudulent schemes, often over an extended period and acros...
Fraud Scoring
Overview Fraud scoring is a foundational technique in modern fraud prevention, providing a streamlined way to assess the risk level of any given actio...
Free Trial Abuse
Overview Free trial abuse occurs when individuals exploit a business's promotional offer by creating multiple accounts to access a service for free, w...
Friendly Fraud
Overview Friendly fraud, sometimes called chargeback abuse, is a significant challenge for modern businesses. Despite its name, it is anything but fri...
Fullz
In the realm of cybercrime, "Fullz" refers to a complete package of an individual's personally identifiable information (PII) that is often traded or...
Gnoming
Overview Gnoming is a specific type of fraud and abuse prevalent in the online gaming world. It involves a single user creating and operating multiple...
Graph Neural Network (GNN)
A Graph Neural Network (GNN) is a type of neural network designed to work with data that is represented in the form of graphs. Graphs are powerful dat...
Griefing
Overview Griefing is the act of intentionally disrupting another user's experience within an online environment, such as a game, social platform, or v...
Hate Raids
Overview Hate Raids are a malicious form of coordinated online abuse targeting individuals and communities. Unlike random trolling, these are organize...
Heuristic Rules
Heuristic rules are a cornerstone of many security systems, often used in threat detection and fraud prevention. These rules serve as guidelines or mo...
Home Location Register
The Home Location Register (HLR) is a pivotal component in mobile telecommunication networks. As a central database, the HLR contains all the subscrib...
Honeypot
A honeypot in cybersecurity is a decoy system or network set up to attract, monitor, and analyze potential cyber attackers. By mimicking real systems,...
Identity Theft & Identity Fraud
Identity theft and identity fraud are significant concerns in today's digital age, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Although often used in...
Identity Threat Detection and Response
Identity Threat Detection and Response (ITDR) has become an essential component of cybersecurity strategies, focusing specifically on the protection o...
Initial Fraud Alert
An initial fraud alert is a cautionary measure used to protect individuals from potential identity theft or fraud. This type of alert is a proactive s...
Interception Fraud
Overview Interception Fraud is a sophisticated attack where a criminal intercepts a legitimate transaction, often between a business and its supplier,...
Invoice Fraud
Overview Invoice fraud, a prevalent form of business-to-business (B2B) deception, occurs when fraudsters send fake or manipulated invoices to a target...
IP Address
An IP address, short for Internet Protocol address, is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a network that uses the Internet Proto...
IP Reputation
Overview IP reputation is a critical data point in the fight against online fraud and abuse. It functions as a dynamic risk score assigned to an IP ad...
IP Spoofing
Overview IP Spoofing is a technique where a malicious actor intentionally modifies the source IP address in a network packet's header to conceal their...
IVR Fraud
Overview Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems are a cornerstone of modern customer service, enabling businesses to automate call routing and self-...
Jamming Attacks
Jamming attacks refer to deliberate interference with wireless communications, aiming to disrupt or completely obstruct the transmission of informatio...
Job Scams
Job scams have become an increasingly prevalent issue in today's online job market. These scams deceive job seekers by posing as legitimate employment...
Karma Farming
Overview Karma farming is a form of platform abuse where users, often using automated bots or coordinated groups, artificially inflate an account's re...
KYB (Know Your Business)
Know Your Business (KYB) is an essential compliance process that organizations use to verify the legitimacy and credentials of businesses they engage...
KYC
Know Your Customer (KYC) is a fundamental practice employed by financial institutions and various businesses to verify the identity of their clients....
Link Analysis
Link analysis is a powerful technique used in data analysis to explore relationships between different entities within a dataset. Often applied in fie...
Loan Fraud
Loan fraud is a type of financial crime where individuals or entities deceive lenders to obtain funds under false pretenses. It encompasses various fr...
Location Spoofing
Overview Location spoofing is the act of deliberately manipulating a device's location data to make it appear as if it's somewhere else. While consume...
Loyalty Program Fraud
Overview Loyalty and rewards programs are powerful tools for fostering customer retention and brand affinity. However, their inherent value also makes...
Machine Reasoning
Machine reasoning refers to the capability of computers to simulate human-like reasoning patterns to draw conclusions, make decisions, and solve probl...
Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack
A Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack is a cybersecurity threat where an attacker secretly intercepts and possibly alters the communication between two pa...
Manual Review
Manual review is a critical process in various industries, especially in domains like fraud prevention, content moderation, and quality assurance. It...
Masquerade Attack
A masquerade attack is a type of cybersecurity threat where an attacker gains unauthorized access to a system by pretending to be an authentic user. B...
Matched Betting
Matched betting is a technique that allows individuals to profit from free bet promotions offered by bookmakers. By leveraging mathematical calculatio...
Mobile Proxy
Mobile proxies are specialized intermediary services that route internet traffic through mobile IP addresses. These proxies utilize the IP addresses a...
Money Mule
A money mule is a person who, intentionally or unknowingly, helps criminals launder money by transferring stolen funds or illegally obtained money bet...
Mule Account
Overview A mule account is a bank account that is used to receive and transfer funds acquired illegally. These accounts act as intermediaries, helping...
Multi-accounting
Overview Multi-accounting is the practice where a single user creates and operates numerous accounts on a platform. While sometimes done for benign re...
OFAC
The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is an office of the U.S. Department of the Treasury responsible for administering and enforcing economic a...
One Ring Scam
The One Ring Scam, also known as "Wangiri" (Japanese for "one (and) cut"), is a prevalent telephone scam that preys on people's curiosity by making th...
P2P Fraud
Peer-to-peer (P2P) fraud is a type of fraud that occurs in transactions facilitated by P2P platforms, where users interact directly to exchange goods,...
Passive Authentication
Passive authentication is a security process that verifies a user's identity seamlessly and discreetly, without requiring direct input or action from...
Payment Authentication
Payment authentication is a critical component of financial transactions, designed to ensure that the person attempting to make a transaction is indee...
Payment Conversion Rate
Payment conversion rate is a crucial metric in the e-commerce and digital services sector. It measures the effectiveness of an online platform in conv...
Payment Reversal
Payment reversal is a process within financial transactions where funds originally sent to a recipient through a payment method are returned to the se...
Pharming
Pharming is a malicious cyber attack technique where a victim is redirected from a legitimate website to a fraudulent one without their knowledge. Thi...
Phishing
Phishing is a malicious practice aimed at deceiving individuals into divulging sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or socia...
Phishing Scams
Phishing scams are a type of cybercrime where attackers pose as reputable entities to deceive individuals into providing sensitive information such as...
Politically Exposed Person (PEP)
A Politically Exposed Person (PEP) is an individual who holds or has held a prominent public position, which can make them more susceptible to involve...
Promo Abuse
Promo abuse, also known as promotional abuse, refers to the exploitation of promotional campaigns, discounts, or incentives offered by companies. This...
Proof of Address
Proof of address is a document or documentation used to confirm an individual's residential address. This verification process is a fundamental requir...
Proxy Hijacking
Overview Proxy hijacking is a stealthy attack where malicious actors seize control of a legitimate proxy server without the owner's consent or knowled...
Proxy Jumping
Overview Proxy jumping is a malicious technique used by fraudsters to conceal their true location and identity. It involves rapidly rotating through a...
Proxy Washing
Overview Proxy washing is an evasive technique used by fraudsters to mask their digital footprint. By rapidly rotating through a large pool of proxy I...
Ransomware
Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that encrypts the victim's files, rendering them inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attac...
Recovery Scams
Recovery scams are deceptive schemes targeting individuals who have already fallen victim to previous scams, promising to help them recover lost money...
Refund Rate
Refund rate refers to the percentage of transactions that are refunded back to customers by a business within a specific period. It is an important me...
Reputation Laundering
Overview Reputation laundering is a deceptive strategy fraudsters use to appear legitimate and bypass security controls. It involves creating an accou...
Reshipping
Reshipping is a logistical process where goods are shipped to an intermediary address before reaching their final destination. While reshipping is a l...
Residential Proxy
Overview A Residential Proxy is an intermediary server that routes internet traffic through a real IP address assigned by an Internet Service Provider...
Return Fraud
Overview Return fraud is a significant challenge for merchants, particularly in the eCommerce space. It occurs when individuals exploit a business's r...
Review Bombing
Overview Review bombing is a form of online abuse where a large group of users coordinates to post a high volume of negative reviews for a product, se...
Salami Slicing
Overview Salami Slicing, also known as a penny-shaving attack, is a subtle yet effective type of fraud where criminals steal minuscule, almost unnotic...
Sanctioned Entity
A sanctioned entity refers to an individual, organization, or country that is subject to economic or legal penalties imposed by governing bodies or in...
SCA
Strong Customer Authentication (SCA) is a regulatory requirement aimed at enhancing the security of electronic payments and reducing fraud. Part of th...
Scareware
Scareware is a form of malicious software designed to trick users into believing their computer is infected with viruses or other security threats. Th...
Seagulling
Overview Seagulling is a form of internal, or occupational, fraud where an employee skims small, seemingly insignificant amounts of money from the com...
Second Party Fraud
Second party fraud is a deceptive activity where a trusted individual, often someone within an organization or a known associate, intentionally manipu...
Self-Sovereign Identity
Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a revolutionary concept in digital identity management that allows individuals to control and manage their own person...
Shill Bidding
Overview Shill bidding is a deceptive practice where individuals associated with a seller place bogus bids on an item to artificially inflate its pric...
Shipping Fraud
Shipping fraud is a type of deception involving the manipulation or misrepresentation of shipping-related processes to cheat businesses or consumers....
SIM Swap Scam
A SIM swap scam, also known as SIM hijacking or SIM swapping, is a type of identity theft where fraudsters take control of a victim's mobile phone num...
Skimming
Skimming is a type of financial fraud where criminals capture personal and card information from unsuspecting victims during legitimate credit or debi...
Sleeper Account
Overview Sleeper accounts are a ticking time bomb for online platforms. These are user accounts created by fraudsters and then intentionally left dorm...
Smishing
Overview Smishing, a portmanteau of "e;SMS"e; and "e;phishing,"e; is a cyberattack that leverages mobile text messages to deceive indi...
SMS Pumping Fraud
Overview SMS Pumping, also known as Artificially Inflated Traffic (AIT), is a fraudulent scheme where attackers exploit a business's SMS-sending funct...
Smurfing
Smurfing is a term used in multiple contexts, notably in financial circles and online gaming, with different implications in each field. In finance, s...
Sneaker Bot
Sneaker bots are automated software programs designed to perform tasks associated with purchasing limited-edition sneakers, often at speeds far exceed...
Social Engineering
Social engineering is a manipulation technique used by cybercriminals to trick individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actio...
Social Media Profiling
Social media profiling involves collecting and analyzing data from social media platforms to construct a detailed representation of a user's interests...
SOCMINT (Social Media Intelligence)
SOCMINT, or Social Media Intelligence, refers to the process of collecting, analyzing, and exploiting information from social media platforms to gain...
Source of Funds
Source of Funds (SoF) refers to the origin from which a person or entity's funds are derived. In financial and regulatory contexts, establishing the s...
Spear-Phishing
Spear-phishing is a targeted and sophisticated form of phishing attack that focuses on a specific individual or organization, with the goal of stealin...
Sponsored-Turing-Test
Overview A Sponsored-Turing-Test is a deceptive technique where fraudsters trick genuine human users into solving CAPTCHAs on their behalf. This explo...
Sports Betting Arbitrage
Sports betting arbitrage, often referred to as "arbing," is a strategy where bettors exploit differences in odds offered by various bookmakers to guar...
SSL Inspection
SSL Inspection, also known as SSL/TLS interception or HTTPS interception, is a process that allows organizations to monitor and analyze encrypted SSL/...
Supervised Machine Learning
Supervised machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that involves training an algorithm on a labeled dataset, where the input data is pai...
Suspicious Activity Report (SAR)
A Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) is a document that financial institutions and other regulated entities file with regulatory authorities to report a...
Synthetic Fraud
Synthetic fraud is a sophisticated type of financial fraud where criminals create fictitious identities by combining real and fake information. Unlike...
Synthetic Identity Fraud
Overview Synthetic identity fraud is a sophisticated and rapidly growing type of financial crime where fraudsters create entirely new, fictitious iden...
Third Party Fraud
Third party fraud involves a perpetrator using stolen or falsified information to conduct unauthorized transactions or create false accounts, typicall...
Threatware
Threatware is a broad term encompassing various types of malicious software (malware) designed to infiltrate, damage, or gain unauthorized access to c...
Ticket Scalping
Ticket scalping refers to the practice of purchasing tickets for events, often in large quantities, and reselling them at a higher price, typically fo...
Tor
Tor, short for "The Onion Router," is a software system that enables users to browse the internet anonymously by routing their communications through...
Trading Bot Scams
Trading bot scams involve deceptive schemes where fraudsters offer automated trading systems that promise high returns with minimal risk. These scams...
Transaction Laundering
Overview Transaction laundering, also known as undisclosed acquiring or factoring, is a sophisticated form of financial fraud. It occurs when a legiti...
Triangulation Fraud
Triangulation fraud is a sophisticated e-commerce scam that involves three key parties: the fraudster, the unsuspecting buyer, and an online marketpla...
Velocity Checks
Velocity checks are a crucial component of fraud prevention strategies employed by financial institutions and online businesses to monitor the frequen...
Vendor Email Compromise (VEC)
Vendor Email Compromise (VEC) is a sophisticated type of cyber attack where fraudsters target businesses by exploiting vulnerabilities within their su...
Virtual Asset Service Providers
Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) are businesses or individuals that facilitate activities involving virtual assets, like cryptocurrencies. They...
Visa Dispute Monitoring Program (VDMP)
The Visa Dispute Monitoring Program (VDMP) is an initiative developed by Visa to help financial institutions and merchants identify, manage, and reduc...
Vishing
Vishing, short for "voice phishing," is a type of phishing attack conducted through voice communication. It involves fraudsters using phone calls to d...
Wangiri Fraud
Overview Wangiri fraud, derived from the Japanese for "e;one ring and cut,"e; is a persistent and effective form of telecommunication fraud. A...
Wangiri Fraud (Wangiri Scam)
Wangiri fraud, commonly known as the Wangiri scam, is a form of telecommunications fraud that originated in Japan. The term "Wangiri" translates to "o...
Wardrobing
Wardrobing is a form of return fraud where a consumer purchases an item, typically clothing, with the intention of using it once or twice before retur...
Whitebox Machine Learning
Whitebox machine learning refers to models and algorithms that offer transparency and interpretability in their decision-making processes. Unlike blac...
Wire Fraud
Wire fraud is a federal crime involving the use of electronic communications or wire transfers to conduct fraudulent activities and deceive individual...
Zero Day Attack
A zero day attack is a cyberattack that exploits a previously unknown vulnerability in software or hardware, allowing attackers to compromise systems...
Zombie Networks
Zombie networks, often referred to as botnets, are large groups of compromised computers or devices controlled remotely by cybercriminals without the...
